Eventloop中的microtask和macrotask
EventLoop
js是单线程的, 所有异步都需要经过Eventloop(事件循环).这里不介绍eventloop
主要记录下eventloop中的microtask 和macrotask
microtask
- process.nextTick
- Promise
- Object.observe
- MutationObserver
macrotask
- setTimeout
- setImmediate
- setInterval
- MessageChannel
- UI rendering
- 网络I/O以及用户I/O
- network
优先级
- microtask > macrotask
- process.nextTick > promise (process.nextTick只在node使用)
- setTimeout和setImmediate在无IO操作下,两者执行顺序不确定,但是在IO操作下,setImmediate比setTimeout优先级高. 且setImmediate只在IE下有效
应用
Vue.nextTick源码中,分别使用了microtask和macrotask
在Vue2.4版本之前,默认都是使用microtask.优先判断是否支持promise,如果不支持则退回到MutationObserver,如果再不支持则回退到setTimeout
但在后续更新中,Vue已经修改nextTick实现方式.默认使用microtask, 同时也提供方法强制使用macrotask,例如由v-on绑定的事件处理.
原因就是因为microtask优先级太高.甚至高于事件冒泡. 而macrotask则会引起一些问题.
详情请看Vue.nextTick源码
// Here we have async deferring wrappers using both micro and macro tasks.
// In < 2.4 we used micro tasks everywhere, but there are some scenarios where
// micro tasks have too high a priority and fires in between supposedly
// sequential events (e.g. #4521, #6690) or even between bubbling of the same
// event (#6566). However, using macro tasks everywhere also has subtle problems
// when state is changed right before repaint (e.g. #6813, out-in transitions).
// Here we use micro task by default, but expose a way to force macro task when
// needed (e.g. in event handlers attached by v-on).
let microTimerFunc
let macroTimerFunc
let useMacroTask = false
// Determine (macro) Task defer implementation.
// Technically setImmediate should be the ideal choice, but it's only available
// in IE. The only polyfill that consistently queues the callback after all DOM
// events triggered in the same loop is by using MessageChannel.
/* istanbul ignore if */
if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
macroTimerFunc = () => {
setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
}
} else if (
typeof MessageChannel !== 'undefined' &&
(isNative(MessageChannel) ||
// PhantomJS
MessageChannel.toString() === '[object MessageChannelConstructor]')
) {
const channel = new MessageChannel()
const port = channel.port2
channel.port1.onmessage = flushCallbacks
macroTimerFunc = () => {
port.postMessage(1)
}
} else {
/* istanbul ignore next */
macroTimerFunc = () => {
setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
}
}
// Determine MicroTask defer implementation.
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
const p = Promise.resolve()
microTimerFunc = () => {
p.then(flushCallbacks)
// in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
// it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
// microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
// needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
// "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
}
} else {
// fallback to macro
microTimerFunc = macroTimerFunc
}